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Mehdi Akbari; Fariborz Abbasi; Abolazal Nasseri; Mohammad Ali Shahrokhnia; Mohammad Khorramian; Masoud Farzamnia; majid keramati targhi; Azarakhs Azizi; Mohamad Abasi; Eshag Zare; Hasan Khosravi; Esmaeil Moghbeli; Mohammad Mehdi Nakhjavanimoghaddam; Nader Abbasi; Javad Baghani
Abstract
This project was implemented with the aim of measuring water applied to onion under farmers’ management in 190 selected sites at the production hubs of onion in Iran including Azarbaijan Sharghi, Isfahan, Khusestan, Zanjan, Kerman, Fars, Khorasan Razavi, Khorasan Shomali, and Hormozgan provinces. ...
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This project was implemented with the aim of measuring water applied to onion under farmers’ management in 190 selected sites at the production hubs of onion in Iran including Azarbaijan Sharghi, Isfahan, Khusestan, Zanjan, Kerman, Fars, Khorasan Razavi, Khorasan Shomali, and Hormozgan provinces. According to the results, differences between the average volumes of irrigation water in those provinces, different irrigation methods, various sources and salinities of irrigation water and soil, and different onion varieties were significant (p<1%), during the growing season of 2020-2021. The average amount of applied water by farmers in those provinces was 9502, 13273, 9740, 16588, 9618, 13880, 11998, 8438 and 7057 m3/ha, respectively, with the weighted average of 10823 m3/ha. The onion yield in selected sites, varied from 20000 to 90000 kg/ha, with an average of 49980 kg/ha. The measured values were compared with the net irrigation water requirement estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith method and with the National Water Document values. The results showed that the differences between average volumes of applied water by farmers, yield and irrigation water productivity, and irrigation water plus effective rainfall productivity in the selected sites were significant at 5% probability level. Irrigation water productivity varied from 3.13 to 6.30 kg/m3 and its average was 4.93 kg/m3. The average irrigation water plus effective rainfall productivity for onion in Iran was 4.50 kg/m3. The average net irrigation water requirement in the study areas by the Penman-Monteith method and the National Water Document were 8834 and 6972 m3/ha, respectively. These results showed that the average applied water in surface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation methods were 11453, 12740 and 10317 m3/ha, respectively, with significant (p<5%) difference. These results showed that in drip irrigation method, applied water was 10% lesser while irrigation water plus effective rainfall productivity was 35% higher. Transplanting seedling compared to direct seeding caused 14.7% reduction in applied water and 16.7% increase in water productivity. According to the results of this study, drip irrigation and transplanting method for onion fields is recommended.
Mohammad Ali Shahrokhnia; Hamid Zare
Abstract
Estahban region in Fars province is mostly covered with rainfed fig trees. Gardeners have applied over-irrigation because of drought in recent years. In this study, irrigations were scheduled based on different crop water stress indexes by measuring canopy temperature. The treatments included irrigation ...
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Estahban region in Fars province is mostly covered with rainfed fig trees. Gardeners have applied over-irrigation because of drought in recent years. In this study, irrigations were scheduled based on different crop water stress indexes by measuring canopy temperature. The treatments included irrigation at different Crop Water Stress Indexs (CWSI) of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8. A rain-fed treatment was also added as control. The trees were irrigated by hand using water tankers. During the two years of the research, the number of irrigations, yield, and water productivity were measured. Duncan test was used for statistical analysis of the treatments in a complete block test design with four replicates. Economical analyses were also done based on benefits and costs in 2017 and 2018. Results showed that the maximum observed CWSI was not more than 0.6. Irrigation increased the yield values from 3.1 kg/tree in rain-fed condition to 9.8 kg/tree in the fully irrigated treatment. However, water productivity decreased from a large value in the rainfed treatment to 0.65 kg/m3 in the fully irrigated treatment. The treatment that was irrigated once had amuch increase in yield and increase about 740000 and 1190000 Rials in net benefit compared to rain-fed treatment in the studied years. The net benefit of one irrigation in the two studied years was about 530000 and 990000 Rials/m3of applied water. These values decreased with increase in the irrigation times. The benefit cost ratio in the two studied years was 1.10 and 1.46 for rain-fed trees while it was 2.21 and 2.89 for single irrigation treatment, respectively. Therefore, by one supplemental irrigation of the rain-fed fig trees,the drought damages could be controlled, a significant economical benefit could be gained, and over-irrigation is avoided.
m sh; Hedayatollah Rahimi
Abstract
Tomato is one of the major agricultural products in Fars Province. Previous studies show that the tomato farms under current irrigation systems lose a large volume of water with low water productivity. In the present study, the irrigation requirement and the influence of different irrigation regimes ...
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Tomato is one of the major agricultural products in Fars Province. Previous studies show that the tomato farms under current irrigation systems lose a large volume of water with low water productivity. In the present study, the irrigation requirement and the influence of different irrigation regimes on the yield and water productivity of three cultivars of tomato was studied. The farm under study was located in Marvdasht plain, with a heavy soil texture. The irrigation water was applied based on 60%, 80%, 100%, and 120 percent of Penman Montieth water requirement method, under drip irrigation system. Another treatment was considered and irrigated by the farmer management. Benefit-cost ratio and benefit-cost difference was calculated for economic analysis. Results show that the obtained yield increased with irrigation water while water productivity decreased. The irrigation volumes of water used for the treatments were about 3900 to 7800 cubic meters per hectare. However, only the differences between the treatments 60% and 120% were statistically significant. Economic evaluations showed that the tomato production was not economical with tomato price equal to 2500 Rials, while the water price varies from zero to 6000 Rials. In this situation, the benefit-cost ratios varied from 0.78 to 0.68, respectively. Increase in price of tomato could improve the benefit-cost ratio.